{"id":2959,"date":"2026-01-19T15:58:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T08:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacte.vn\/?p=2959"},"modified":"2026-07-21T09:11:36","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T02:11:36","slug":"benh-heo-vang-la-chuoi-duong-lay-lan-va-cach-phong-benh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bacte.vn\/en\/benh-heo-vang-la-chuoi-duong-lay-lan-va-cach-phong-benh\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Chung, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n B\u1ec7nh c\u00e2y – Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i nguy v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh Panama.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i do n\u1ea5m Fusarium v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 Panama tr\u00ean chu\u1ed1i, b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o r\u0169 \u1edf d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hai t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"B\u1ec7nh
B\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho b\u00e0 con tr\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed1i nguy t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i Panama<\/b><\/h2>\n

Chu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u1edd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng chu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng (b\u1ec7nh Panama) do n\u1ea5m Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense g\u00e2y ra. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1ea5t do n\u1ea5m Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) g\u00e2y ra. N\u1ea5m n\u00e0y x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i qua h\u1ec7 r\u1ec5, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng l\u00e1, h\u00e9o r\u0169 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft. FoC c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y, TR4 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c. Lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn chu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

TR4 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i ti\u00eau theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c canh. Khi v\u01b0\u1eddn chu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Tri\u1ec7u
Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i (b\u1ec7nh Panama). \u1ea2nh PPRI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng<\/span> tr\u00ean chu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

– D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng h\u1ea1i chu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb m\u00e9p l\u00e1 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e1 gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e1 non h\u01a1n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u00e3y v\u00e0 treo tr\u00ean th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng l\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t th\u00e2n c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf g\u1ed1c th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 b\u1ecb v\u00e0ng, h\u00e9o kh\u00f4, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed5 bu\u1ed3ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3i non v\u1eabn xanh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean trong: Bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3; c\u1ee7, r\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111en.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1eddn chu\u1ed1i, b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng TR4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i chu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i<\/b><\/h2>\n

N\u1ea5m FoC ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e2y lan th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf c\u1ef1 ly xa v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ed3i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed3i non c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1ea5t
\u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng. \u1ea2nh PPRI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. Ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i do m\u01b0a l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh sang ru\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 sinh gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p, \u1ee7ng hay d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh mang theo ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh. Xe c\u1ed9, m\u00e1y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ed1p xe ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng b\u1ec7nh; tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, gia s\u00fac di chuy\u1ec3n qua v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e2y lan qua th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf cu\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ebfu v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 bu\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1eb9 chu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n mang b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y lan b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng chu\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng do n\u1ea5m Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) g\u00e2y ra, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng Fusarium b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e2y, ch\u1ed3i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m Foc t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh sang khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ed3ng vi nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m Foc, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y lan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trang tr\u1ea1i s\u1ea1ch<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

a) Gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ea1i s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh Foc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4. Ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho trang tr\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trang tr\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh Foc TR4 v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn chu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trang tr\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o k\u00edn, vi\u1ec7c ra v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng trang tr\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc trong trang tr\u1ea1i. Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c ra v\u00e0o trang tr\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eb9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o trang tr\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd khi \u0111\u1ebfn trang tr\u1ea1i. N\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eadu xe cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i v\u00e0o trang tr\u1ea1i. C\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p \u1ee7ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o. Kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n \u0111i qua b\u1ed3n ng\u00e2m gi\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i qua b\u1ec3 r\u1eeda c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o trang tr\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i trang tr\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi trang tr\u1ea1i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quan s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb trang tr\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i s\u1ea1ch. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ng\u1eadp \u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh do n\u1ea5m Fusarium sau khi b\u1ecb x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y c\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh khi m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e2y, cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea7n khoanh v\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 2m. C\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom, c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, r\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u00e1 kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed3i d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,1% t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t trong b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 2m (t\u1eeb 3 – 5 l\u00edt). C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea5m trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00dac, c\u1ea7n khoanh v\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 5m v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Thu gom to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ee7 trong v\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ly, c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng 15cm. C\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh sau khi c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o t\u00fai nilon, b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ea1m ure theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1kg ure\/m\u00b3, sau \u0111\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ee7 l\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, r\u1eafc 200g ure l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng t\u00fai nilon \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ure b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u 1kg ure\/m\u00b2 l\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng nilon, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u00dac, sau 6 tu\u1ea7n kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00fai nilon, n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ure s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/span><\/p>\n

4. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng Fusarium t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed1i hoang d\u00e3, c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 lai t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ed1ng thay th\u1ebf cho gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i ti\u00eau (Cavendish) v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lai t\u1ea1o, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, x\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluoresce, Streptomyces\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng Fusarium tr\u00ean chu\u1ed1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc. <\/span><\/p>\n

6. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u1ea7n b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 h\u00e9o r\u0169 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i. Lu\u00e2n canh chu\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh trong \u0111\u1ea5t, lu\u00e2n canh 3 – 5 n\u0103m, lu\u00e2n canh v\u1edbi l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng xen canh v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00fap t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u00e1o N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p & M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TS Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Chung, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n B\u1ec7nh c\u00e2y – Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i nguy v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh Panama. B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i do n\u1ea5m Fusarium v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, g\u00e2y…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2964,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32,17],"tags":[51,53,52],"class_list":["post-2959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-lieu-ky-thuat","category-tu-van-ky-thuat","tag-benh-panama","tag-cay-chuoi","tag-fusarium"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nB\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh - 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